PAGE 133
Question B.2:
On the basis of your reading of the news story, complete the following table after a group discussion.
Adverse environmental effects of tourism and adventure sports.
Personal conquests seem to be more important than preserving the integrity of a natural site.
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
Ways to prevent it
Charge high climbing fees
__________________________________
__________________________________
Answer :
Adverse environmental effects of tourism and adventure sports.
Personal conquests seem to be more important than preserving the integrity of a natural site.
Water sports and mountaineering expeditions have caused to the nature and fauna residing the areas.
Usage of renewable sources of energy should be encouraged.
Ways to prevent it
Charge high climbing fees
Ban plastic and other non-renewable items.
Limit the number of travelers.
Question B.3(1):
Now imagine you are in charge of a mountaineering expedition to Mount Everest. You have to address the first time climbers. Write the instructions that you would give to the climbers on keeping the track clean besides giving instructions on safety measures. Instruct how they can contribute in preventing the Everest from becoming, "The highest junkyard in the world".
What tense is commonly used in writing imperative sentences?
(a) Present Continuous
(b) Simple Past
(c) Simple Present
Answer :
(c)Simple Present
Question B.3(2):
Now imagine you are in charge of a mountaineering expedition to Mount Everest. You have to address the first time climbers. Write the instructions that you would give to the climbers on keeping the track clean besides giving instructions on safety measures. Instruct how they can contribute in preventing the Everest from becoming, "The highest junkyard in the world".
Where do verbs most commonly come in these instructions?
(a) At the beginning of a sentence or a clause
(b) In the middle of a sentence or a clausAnswer :
(a) At the beginning of a sentence or a clause
Question B.3(3):
Now imagine you are in charge of a mountaineering expedition to Mount Everest. You have to address the first time climbers. Write the instructions that you would give to the climbers on keeping the track clean besides giving instructions on safety measures. Instruct how they can contribute in preventing the Everest from becoming, "The highest junkyard in the world".
How long are the sentences?
(a) Very long
(b) Mixed length
(c) Short
Answer :
(b) Mixed length
Question B.3(4):
Now imagine you are in charge of a mountaineering expedition to Mount Everest. You have to address the first time climbers. Write the instructions that you would give to the climbers on keeping the track clean besides giving instructions on safety measures. Instruct how they can contribute in preventing the Everest from becoming, "The highest junkyard in the world".
Why are the instructions so written /given?
(a) So that the reader can understand more easily
(b) So that the writer can write more easily
Answer :
(a) So that the reader can understand more easily
Question B.3(5):
Now imagine you are in charge of a mountaineering expedition to Mount Everest. You have to address the first time climbers. Write the instructions that you would give to the climbers on keeping the track clean besides giving instructions on safety measures. Instruct how they can contribute in preventing the Everest from becoming, "The highest junkyard in the world".
What is the order of the instructions?
(a) Mixed order
(b) The order in which the instructions have to be carried ou
Answer :
(b) The order in which the instructions have to be carried out
Question B.3(6):
Now imagine you are in charge of a mountaineering expedition to Mount Everest. You have to address the first time climbers. Write the instructions that you would give to the climbers on keeping the track clean besides giving instructions on safety measures. Instruct how they can contribute in preventing the Everest from becoming, "The highest junkyard in the world".
Are the instructions numbered?
(a) No
(b) Yes
Answer :
(b) Yes
PAGE 136
Question B.4:
Design a poster urging mountaineers to preserve the pristine glory of the mountainsides. Work in groups of 4-5
Answer :
This question is to be answered on the basis of your own understanding, experience and thoughts. It is strongly recommended that you prepare the solution on your own.
PAGE 142
Question B.6(1):
Complete the tree of environment:
Need to rehabilitate the Environment
Things that came from the environment_______________
People did not get them because _________________
Therefore __________________________
Protecting forested mountains
Source of ______________________________
Deforestation leads to __________________
Hence government must _______________
Good Management of Natural Resources
Degraded environment results in _______
It leads to ___________________ and
Good management of natural resources means ____________________
It is essential for _______________________
Good management possible only when we have _
__________________
Answer :
Need to rehabilitate the Environment
Things that came from the environment are clean drinking water for food, firewood for energy, material for building and fodder for the animals
People did not get them because the environment was degraded. Deforestation of mountains caused shortage of water and change in rainfall patterns.
Therefore it became important to have a government that accounts to the needs of people in rural areas, that protects them, that protects their interests, that is concerned about their lives.
Protecting forested mountains
Source of water and rain
Deforestation leads to shortage of water and change of rainfall patterns; people are not able to get food and water.
Hence government, in order for people to have good environment that can sustain their livelihoods, must account to them, that protects them, that protects their interests, that is concerned about their lives.
Good Management of Natural Resources
Degraded environment results in wars as it is not able to support the communities so they fight over the little that is left.
It leads to discontent and when this discontent is strong enough it leads to conflicts among various communities.
Good management of natural resources means equitable distribution of resources among various communities without any discrimination due to various physical factors.
It is essential for maintaining peace and to have a sustainable growth and development.
Good management is possible only when we have democratic space, respect for human beings, respect for human rights, giving other people dignity.
Question B.6(2):
How does Wangari Maathai explain the essential components of development? Label and explain the analogy of the stool.
Answer :
Three legs of development, as mentioned by Wangari, are described as follows:
One leg is peace;
The other leg is good governance; and
The third leg is sustainable management of resources
This can be explained by the analogy of a stool. The basin of the stool, that is, development, is not possible without the above three. As we have allowed few (those in power), to acquire the maximum of resources, we have indulged ourselves into conflicts, leading to unequal distribution of resource
Question B.6(3):
What changes in the environment had Wangari Maathai noticed after growing up?
Answer :
Fifty years ago, when Wangari was a child, the environment was very pristine, very green and very beautiful. As her land was a British colony then, the government started clearing forested mountains to establish commercial plantation of exotic species of trees such as pine, from northern hemisphere and eucalyptus from Australia. Though these trees helped them grow in commercial timber industry, they destroyed the local biodiversity, local flora and fauna.
Question B.6(4):
What is the importance of indigenous flora and fauna?
Answer :
The indigenous flora and fauna or the local forest mountains, which were the water towers with local biodiversity retaining water in the soil, were no longer able to contain water. Later, when it rained, the water ran downstream and ended up in the lakes and oceans instead of going down into the underground reservoir so that it could come back in the form of rivers. It was observed that not only did the rain patterns change and become less, but also the rivers started drying up. There was a huge loss of local biological diversity. This caused a lot of damage to the environment.
Question B.6(5):
How did the campaign to save environment lead to the empowerment of women?
Answer :
When the first United Nation’s Conference for Women was held in 1975 in Mexico, women were saying, “We need food, we need water, we need clean drinking water, we need fodder for our animals.” So, when Mathai started off with her campaign to plant trees, she came to know how illiterate the local women were when they faced problems in understanding how to plant trees. Later, they were taught by professionals. It was extremely difficult in the beginning. However, with time, the local women grew confident. As they were dealing with environment, the locals were delivered with education both in civics and also in environment. Thus, the idea of getting ordinary, illiterate woman understand and be able to plant trees that in five or ten years became big trees was a huge transformation. She was able to cut them and be able to give herself energy and also was able to sell those trees and give herself an income. She was confident to be able to have felt confident that she had done something for herself. That sense of pride, sense of dignity that they are not begging, that they are doing things for themselves was very empowering. That transformation was very powerful.
Question B.6(6):
What transformation did Wangari Mathai see in people and the environment?
Answer :
The civic and environmental education led to literacy of natives, especially women. The empowerment of women was an automatic reaction due to the efforts of Wangari Mathai, to save the local biological diversity of her native place in Mexico. People grew more aware of why they needed to save their environment and got the idea of sustainable development and its benefits.
Besides the transformation of populace, the landscape was transformed again for the good of the local land. There was no more dust. Instead, now, there were trees and birds and even rabbits coming and going, making the environment all the more beautiful. There was shade and sometimes even dry springs came back because the water did not run, it went into the ground− a very profound transformation.
Now, the people were willing to fight for their rights, to decide that they have a right to a good clean environment, to decide that they will fight for their forests, they will protect their forests. Now they will not allow corrupt leaders to take their public land.
PAGE 143
Question B.7:
Match the ‘environment words’ with their meanings.
Words
Meanings
Ecology
A person who advocates preservation and careful management of natural resources.
Habitat
The variety and variability among living organisms and the ecological complexes in which they occur.
Herpetologist
The relationship of living things to one another and their environment, or the study of such relationships.
Extinct
Tropical evergreen trees or shrubs forming dense thickets along tidal shores.
Aquifer
A place where a population lives and its surroundings, both living and non-living.
Naturalist
A zoologist who studies reptiles and amphibians.
Biodiversity
Having no living representative.
Mangrove
An underground geological formation, containing water.
Conservationist
A person who studies plants and animals, especially outdoors.
Answer :
The correctly matched words are given below:
Words
Meanings
Ecology
The relationship of living things to one another and their environment, or the study of such relationships.
Habitat
A place where a population lives and its surroundings, both living and non-living.
Herpetologist
A zoologist who studies reptiles and amphibians.
Extinct
Having no living representative.
Aquifer
An underground geological formation, containing water.
Naturalist
A person who studies plants and animals, especially outdoors.
Biodiversity
The variety and variability among living organisms and the ecological complexes in which they occur.
Mangrove
Tropical evergreen trees or shrubs forming dense thickets along tidal shores.
Conservationist
A person who advocates preservation and careful management of natural resources.
PAGE 144
Question B.9:
After reading the interview of Wangari Maathai, you are inspired and motivated to do a summer training under her at one of the Research Stations. Write an email to Wangari Mathai. In your mail describe Wangari's influence on you and your desire to work under her and why you should be given a chance to work under her.
Answer :
This question is to be answered on the basis of your own understanding, experience and thoughts. It is strongly recommended that you prepare the solution on your own. However, a sample solution has been provided for your reference.
From: abc@kmail.com
To: Wangarimaathai@dmail.com
Date: January 2, 2013
Subject: Permission to attend training under your supervision at ‘BIO’
Dear Ma’am,
I recently attended one of your interviews at Phillips Embassy and got deeply motivated and enthusiastic by your opinions on saving our Mother Earth from various demons like pollution from industries, tourists, etc which are destroying our local biological diversity. I strongly favor the motion of taking some serious actions to preserve our fast disappearing flora and fauna. Your speech on empowering and educating women encouraged me to a great deal.
I am writing this mail to you in anticipation of working under your supervision in one of your projects in ‘BIO’ Reserves Research Station. I have worked under the Jan Morcha Movement which recently launched a project to plant trees and make reservoirs to preserve water from rainfall. I have also written articles on the threat which advanced technological developments hold to our nature. I am enclosing my CV with all my details of accomplishments till date. Hope you find me worth it. I would be highly obliged for the same.
Thanking you
Regards,
ABC
Question B.2:
On the basis of your reading of the news story, complete the following table after a group discussion.
Adverse environmental effects of tourism and adventure sports.
Personal conquests seem to be more important than preserving the integrity of a natural site.
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
Ways to prevent it
Charge high climbing fees
__________________________________
__________________________________
Answer :
Adverse environmental effects of tourism and adventure sports.
Personal conquests seem to be more important than preserving the integrity of a natural site.
Water sports and mountaineering expeditions have caused to the nature and fauna residing the areas.
Usage of renewable sources of energy should be encouraged.
Ways to prevent it
Charge high climbing fees
Ban plastic and other non-renewable items.
Limit the number of travelers.
Question B.3(1):
Now imagine you are in charge of a mountaineering expedition to Mount Everest. You have to address the first time climbers. Write the instructions that you would give to the climbers on keeping the track clean besides giving instructions on safety measures. Instruct how they can contribute in preventing the Everest from becoming, "The highest junkyard in the world".
What tense is commonly used in writing imperative sentences?
(a) Present Continuous
(b) Simple Past
(c) Simple Present
Answer :
(c)Simple Present
Question B.3(2):
Now imagine you are in charge of a mountaineering expedition to Mount Everest. You have to address the first time climbers. Write the instructions that you would give to the climbers on keeping the track clean besides giving instructions on safety measures. Instruct how they can contribute in preventing the Everest from becoming, "The highest junkyard in the world".
Where do verbs most commonly come in these instructions?
(a) At the beginning of a sentence or a clause
(b) In the middle of a sentence or a clausAnswer :
(a) At the beginning of a sentence or a clause
Question B.3(3):
Now imagine you are in charge of a mountaineering expedition to Mount Everest. You have to address the first time climbers. Write the instructions that you would give to the climbers on keeping the track clean besides giving instructions on safety measures. Instruct how they can contribute in preventing the Everest from becoming, "The highest junkyard in the world".
How long are the sentences?
(a) Very long
(b) Mixed length
(c) Short
Answer :
(b) Mixed length
Question B.3(4):
Now imagine you are in charge of a mountaineering expedition to Mount Everest. You have to address the first time climbers. Write the instructions that you would give to the climbers on keeping the track clean besides giving instructions on safety measures. Instruct how they can contribute in preventing the Everest from becoming, "The highest junkyard in the world".
Why are the instructions so written /given?
(a) So that the reader can understand more easily
(b) So that the writer can write more easily
Answer :
(a) So that the reader can understand more easily
Question B.3(5):
Now imagine you are in charge of a mountaineering expedition to Mount Everest. You have to address the first time climbers. Write the instructions that you would give to the climbers on keeping the track clean besides giving instructions on safety measures. Instruct how they can contribute in preventing the Everest from becoming, "The highest junkyard in the world".
What is the order of the instructions?
(a) Mixed order
(b) The order in which the instructions have to be carried ou
Answer :
(b) The order in which the instructions have to be carried out
Question B.3(6):
Now imagine you are in charge of a mountaineering expedition to Mount Everest. You have to address the first time climbers. Write the instructions that you would give to the climbers on keeping the track clean besides giving instructions on safety measures. Instruct how they can contribute in preventing the Everest from becoming, "The highest junkyard in the world".
Are the instructions numbered?
(a) No
(b) Yes
Answer :
(b) Yes
PAGE 136
Question B.4:
Design a poster urging mountaineers to preserve the pristine glory of the mountainsides. Work in groups of 4-5
Answer :
This question is to be answered on the basis of your own understanding, experience and thoughts. It is strongly recommended that you prepare the solution on your own.
PAGE 142
Question B.6(1):
Complete the tree of environment:
Need to rehabilitate the Environment
Things that came from the environment_______________
People did not get them because _________________
Therefore __________________________
Protecting forested mountains
Source of ______________________________
Deforestation leads to __________________
Hence government must _______________
Good Management of Natural Resources
Degraded environment results in _______
It leads to ___________________ and
Good management of natural resources means ____________________
It is essential for _______________________
Good management possible only when we have _
__________________
Answer :
Need to rehabilitate the Environment
Things that came from the environment are clean drinking water for food, firewood for energy, material for building and fodder for the animals
People did not get them because the environment was degraded. Deforestation of mountains caused shortage of water and change in rainfall patterns.
Therefore it became important to have a government that accounts to the needs of people in rural areas, that protects them, that protects their interests, that is concerned about their lives.
Protecting forested mountains
Source of water and rain
Deforestation leads to shortage of water and change of rainfall patterns; people are not able to get food and water.
Hence government, in order for people to have good environment that can sustain their livelihoods, must account to them, that protects them, that protects their interests, that is concerned about their lives.
Good Management of Natural Resources
Degraded environment results in wars as it is not able to support the communities so they fight over the little that is left.
It leads to discontent and when this discontent is strong enough it leads to conflicts among various communities.
Good management of natural resources means equitable distribution of resources among various communities without any discrimination due to various physical factors.
It is essential for maintaining peace and to have a sustainable growth and development.
Good management is possible only when we have democratic space, respect for human beings, respect for human rights, giving other people dignity.
Question B.6(2):
How does Wangari Maathai explain the essential components of development? Label and explain the analogy of the stool.
Answer :
Three legs of development, as mentioned by Wangari, are described as follows:
One leg is peace;
The other leg is good governance; and
The third leg is sustainable management of resources
This can be explained by the analogy of a stool. The basin of the stool, that is, development, is not possible without the above three. As we have allowed few (those in power), to acquire the maximum of resources, we have indulged ourselves into conflicts, leading to unequal distribution of resource
Question B.6(3):
What changes in the environment had Wangari Maathai noticed after growing up?
Answer :
Fifty years ago, when Wangari was a child, the environment was very pristine, very green and very beautiful. As her land was a British colony then, the government started clearing forested mountains to establish commercial plantation of exotic species of trees such as pine, from northern hemisphere and eucalyptus from Australia. Though these trees helped them grow in commercial timber industry, they destroyed the local biodiversity, local flora and fauna.
Question B.6(4):
What is the importance of indigenous flora and fauna?
Answer :
The indigenous flora and fauna or the local forest mountains, which were the water towers with local biodiversity retaining water in the soil, were no longer able to contain water. Later, when it rained, the water ran downstream and ended up in the lakes and oceans instead of going down into the underground reservoir so that it could come back in the form of rivers. It was observed that not only did the rain patterns change and become less, but also the rivers started drying up. There was a huge loss of local biological diversity. This caused a lot of damage to the environment.
Question B.6(5):
How did the campaign to save environment lead to the empowerment of women?
Answer :
When the first United Nation’s Conference for Women was held in 1975 in Mexico, women were saying, “We need food, we need water, we need clean drinking water, we need fodder for our animals.” So, when Mathai started off with her campaign to plant trees, she came to know how illiterate the local women were when they faced problems in understanding how to plant trees. Later, they were taught by professionals. It was extremely difficult in the beginning. However, with time, the local women grew confident. As they were dealing with environment, the locals were delivered with education both in civics and also in environment. Thus, the idea of getting ordinary, illiterate woman understand and be able to plant trees that in five or ten years became big trees was a huge transformation. She was able to cut them and be able to give herself energy and also was able to sell those trees and give herself an income. She was confident to be able to have felt confident that she had done something for herself. That sense of pride, sense of dignity that they are not begging, that they are doing things for themselves was very empowering. That transformation was very powerful.
Question B.6(6):
What transformation did Wangari Mathai see in people and the environment?
Answer :
The civic and environmental education led to literacy of natives, especially women. The empowerment of women was an automatic reaction due to the efforts of Wangari Mathai, to save the local biological diversity of her native place in Mexico. People grew more aware of why they needed to save their environment and got the idea of sustainable development and its benefits.
Besides the transformation of populace, the landscape was transformed again for the good of the local land. There was no more dust. Instead, now, there were trees and birds and even rabbits coming and going, making the environment all the more beautiful. There was shade and sometimes even dry springs came back because the water did not run, it went into the ground− a very profound transformation.
Now, the people were willing to fight for their rights, to decide that they have a right to a good clean environment, to decide that they will fight for their forests, they will protect their forests. Now they will not allow corrupt leaders to take their public land.
PAGE 143
Question B.7:
Match the ‘environment words’ with their meanings.
Words
Meanings
Ecology
A person who advocates preservation and careful management of natural resources.
Habitat
The variety and variability among living organisms and the ecological complexes in which they occur.
Herpetologist
The relationship of living things to one another and their environment, or the study of such relationships.
Extinct
Tropical evergreen trees or shrubs forming dense thickets along tidal shores.
Aquifer
A place where a population lives and its surroundings, both living and non-living.
Naturalist
A zoologist who studies reptiles and amphibians.
Biodiversity
Having no living representative.
Mangrove
An underground geological formation, containing water.
Conservationist
A person who studies plants and animals, especially outdoors.
Answer :
The correctly matched words are given below:
Words
Meanings
Ecology
The relationship of living things to one another and their environment, or the study of such relationships.
Habitat
A place where a population lives and its surroundings, both living and non-living.
Herpetologist
A zoologist who studies reptiles and amphibians.
Extinct
Having no living representative.
Aquifer
An underground geological formation, containing water.
Naturalist
A person who studies plants and animals, especially outdoors.
Biodiversity
The variety and variability among living organisms and the ecological complexes in which they occur.
Mangrove
Tropical evergreen trees or shrubs forming dense thickets along tidal shores.
Conservationist
A person who advocates preservation and careful management of natural resources.
PAGE 144
Question B.9:
After reading the interview of Wangari Maathai, you are inspired and motivated to do a summer training under her at one of the Research Stations. Write an email to Wangari Mathai. In your mail describe Wangari's influence on you and your desire to work under her and why you should be given a chance to work under her.
Answer :
This question is to be answered on the basis of your own understanding, experience and thoughts. It is strongly recommended that you prepare the solution on your own. However, a sample solution has been provided for your reference.
From: abc@kmail.com
To: Wangarimaathai@dmail.com
Date: January 2, 2013
Subject: Permission to attend training under your supervision at ‘BIO’
Dear Ma’am,
I recently attended one of your interviews at Phillips Embassy and got deeply motivated and enthusiastic by your opinions on saving our Mother Earth from various demons like pollution from industries, tourists, etc which are destroying our local biological diversity. I strongly favor the motion of taking some serious actions to preserve our fast disappearing flora and fauna. Your speech on empowering and educating women encouraged me to a great deal.
I am writing this mail to you in anticipation of working under your supervision in one of your projects in ‘BIO’ Reserves Research Station. I have worked under the Jan Morcha Movement which recently launched a project to plant trees and make reservoirs to preserve water from rainfall. I have also written articles on the threat which advanced technological developments hold to our nature. I am enclosing my CV with all my details of accomplishments till date. Hope you find me worth it. I would be highly obliged for the same.
Thanking you
Regards,
ABC